Sample Citations [Cont.]

Adam TC, Hasson RE, Ventura EE, Toledo-Corral C, Le KA, Mahurkar S, Lane CJ, Weigensberg MJ, Goran MI. Cortisol is negatively associated with insulin sensitivity in overweight Latino youth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Oct;95(10):4729-35.

Alanazi EM, Alanazi AMM, Albuhairy AH, Alanazi AAA. Sleep Hygiene Practices and Its Impact on Mental Health and Functional Performance Among Adults in Tabuk City: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus. 2023;15(3):e36221. Published 2023 Mar 16. doi:10.7759/cureus.36221

Albertson ER, Neff KD, Dill‑Shackleford KE. Self‑compassion and body image disturbances: the evaluation and improvement of body image among college‑aged women. Self‑Compassion.org; 2015. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://self-compassion.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/AlbertsonBodyImage.pdf 

Albulescu P, Macsinga I, Rusu A, Sulea C, Bodnaru A, Tulbure BT. "Give me a break!" A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of micro-breaks for increasing well-being and performance. PLoS One. 2022;17(8):e0272460. Published 2022 Aug 31. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272460

Arthur-Cameselle, J., Sossin, K., & Quatromoni, P. (2016). A qualitative analysis of factors related to eating disorder onset in female collegiate athletes and non-athletes. Eating Disorders, 25(3), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2016.1258940.

Berga SL, Marcus MD, Loucks TL, Hlastala S, Ringham R, Krohn MA. Recovery of ovarian activity in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea who were treated with cognitive behavior therapy. Fertil Steril. 2003;80(4):976-981. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)01124-5

de Borja C, Holtzman B, McCall LM, et al. Specific dietary practices in female athletes and their association with positive screening for disordered eating. J Eat Disord. 2021;9(1):50. Published 2021 Apr 17. doi:10.1186/s40337-021-00407-7

Bratland-Sanda S, Sundgot-Borgen J. Eating disorders in athletes: overview of prevalence, risk factors and recommendations for prevention and treatment. Eur J Sport Sci. 2013;13(5):499-508. doi:10.1080/17461391.2012.740504

Cabre HE, Moore SR, Smith-Ryan AE, Hackney AC. Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S): Scientific, Clinical, and Practical Implications for the Female Athlete. Dtsch Z Sportmed. 2022;73(7):225-234. doi:10.5960/dzsm.2022.546

Carson TL, West BT, Sonneville K, et alIdentifying latent classes of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) consequences in a sample of collegiate female cross country runnersBritish Journal of Sports Medicine 2023;57:153-159. https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/57/3/153 

Catherine M. Gordon, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Sarah L. Berga, Jay R. Kaplan, George Mastorakos, Madhusmita Misra, M. Hassan Murad, Nanette F. Santoro, Michelle P. Warren, Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 102, Issue 5, 1 May 2017, Pages 1413–1439, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-00131 

Charest J, Grandner MA. Sleep and Athletic Performance: Impacts on Physical Performance, Mental Performance, Injury Risk and Recovery, and Mental Health. Sleep Med Clin. 2020;15(1):41-57. doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.11.005

Chow CM. Sleep Hygiene Practices: Where to Now? Hygiene. 2022; 2(3):146-151. https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene2030013 

Chrisandra L Shufelt, Nancy Safwan, Mariam Saadedine, Galen Cook-Wiens, Jenna Maughan, Margareta D Pisarska, JoAnn E Manson, Sarah L Berga, Stephanie S Faubion, Prediman K Shah, C Noel Bairey Merz, Impact of Estrogen Replacement on Endothelial Dysfunction and Psychological Health in Women With Hypothalamic Amenorrhea, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2025;, dgaf364, https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf364

Cumming DC, Quigley ME, Yen SS. Acute suppression of circulating testosterone levels by cortisol in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Sep;57(3):671-3. 

Cumming DC, Wheeler GD, McColl EM. The effects of exercise on reproductive function in men. Sports Med. 1989 Jan;7(1):1-17. 

Daly W, Hackney AC. Is exercise cortisol response of endurance athletes similar to levels of Cushing’s syndrome? Biol Sport. 2005;22(3):209-214. 

Denniss, E., Lindberg, R., Marchese, L.E. et al. #Fail: the quality and accuracy of nutrition-related information by influential Australian Instagram accounts. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 21, 16 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-024-01565-y 

Elliott-Sale KJ, Tenforde AS, Parziale AL, Holtzman B, Ackerman KE. Endocrine Effects of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018 Jul 1;28(4):335-349. 

Epstein LH, Carr KA. Food reinforcement and habituation to food are processes related to initiation and cessation of eating. Physiol Behav. 2021;239:113512. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113512

Fahrenholtz IL, Sjödin A, Benardot D, Tornberg ÅB, Skouby S, Faber J, Sundgot-Borgen JK, Melin AK. Within-day energy deficiency and reproductive function in female endurance athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28(3):1139-1146. doi: 10.1111/sms.13030. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321533156_WITHIN-DAY_ENERGY_DEFICIENCY_AND_REPRODUCTIVE_FUNCTION_IN_FEMALE_ENDURANCE_ATHLETES 

Galbo H, Holst JJ, Christensen NJ. The effect of different diets and of insulin on the hormonal response to prolonged exercise. Acta Physiol Scand. 1979 Sep;107(1):19-32. 

Gimunová M, Bozděch M, Bernaciková M, Fernandes R, Kumstát M, Paludo A. The relationship between low energy availability, injuries, and bone health in recreational female athletes. PeerJ. 2024;12:e17533. Published 2024 Jun 21. doi:10.7717/peerj.17533

Gimunová M, Paulínyová A, Bernaciková M, Paludo AC. The Prevalence of Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Athletes from Different Sports Disciplines: A Rapid Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(21):14243. Published 2022 Oct 31. doi:10.3390/ijerph192114243

Hackney AC. Energy availability: are there sex differences in hormonal responses? Presentation – Society of Endocrinology meeting, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom, July 2022.

Hackney AC. Hypogonadism in Exercising Males: Dysfunction or Adaptive-Regulatory Adjustment?. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:11. Published 2020 Jan 31. doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00011 

Hassapidou MCarbohydrate requirements of elite athletesBritish Journal of Sports Medicine 2011;45:e2. https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/45/2/e2.17 

Holtzman B, Ackerman KE. Recommendations and Nutritional Considerations for Female Athletes: Health and Performance. Sports Med. 2021;51(Suppl 1):43-57. doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01508-8

Jagim AR, Fields J, Magee MK, Kerksick CM, Jones MT. Contributing Factors to Low Energy Availability in Female Athletes: A Narrative Review of Energy Availability, Training Demands, Nutrition Barriers, Body Image, and Disordered Eating. Nutrients. 2022;14(5):986. Published 2022 Feb 25. doi:10.3390/nu14050986

Jayanthi N, Pinkham C, Dugas L, Patrick B, Labella C. Sports specialization in young athletes: evidence-based recommendations. Sports Health. 2013;5(3):251-257. doi:10.1177/1941738112464626

Kim, S., Park, Y., & Headrick, L. (2018). Daily micro-breaks and job performance: General work engagement as a cross-level moderator. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(7), 772–786. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl000030 

Kim S, Park Y, Niu Q. Micro-break activities at work to recover from daily work demands. J Organ Behav. 2017;38(1):28–44. doi:10.1002/job.2109

Kojima C, Ishibashi A, Tanabe Y, et al. Muscle Glycogen Content during Endurance Training under Low Energy Availability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020;52(1):187-95.

Kreher JB, Schwartz JB. Overtraining syndrome: a practical guide. Sports Health. 2012;4(2):128-138. doi:10.1177/1941738111434406

Kuikman MA, Mountjoy M, Stellingwerff T, Burr JF. A Review of Nonpharmacological Strategies in the Treatment of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2021;31(3):268-275. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0211

Lamon S, Morabito A, Arentson-Lantz E, et al. The effect of acute sleep deprivation on skeletal muscle protein synthesis and the hormonal environment. Physiol Rep. 2021;9(1):e14660. doi:10.14814/phy2.14660

Li Q, Li H, Zhang G, Cao Y, Li Y. Athlete Body Image and Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review of Their Association and Influencing Factors. Nutrients. 2024;16(16):2686. Published 2024 Aug 13. doi:10.3390/nu16162686

Liu JL, Patel YC. Glucocorticoids inhibit somatostatin gene expression through accelerated degradation of somatostatin messenger ribonucleic acid in human thyroid medullary carcinoma (TT) cells. Endocrinology. 1995 Jun;136(6):2389-96. 

Lodge MT, Ward-Ritacco CL, Melanson KJ. Considerations of Low Carbohydrate Availability (LCA) to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in Female Endurance Athletes: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2023;15(20):4457. Published 2023 Oct 20. doi:10.3390/nu15204457

Loucks AB, Kiens B, Wright HH. Energy availability in athletes. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(sup1):S7–S15. doi:10.1016/S1740‑1445(11)00137‑9 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1740144511001379?via%3Dihub 

Magee MK, Jones MT, Fields JB, et al. Body Composition, Energy Availability, Risk of Eating Disorder, and Sport Nutrition Knowledge in Young Athletes. Nutrients. 2023;15(6):1502. Published 2023 Mar 21. doi:10.3390/nu15061502

Markwald RR, Iftikhar I, Youngstedt SD. Behavioral Strategies, Including Exercise, for Addressing Insomnia. ACSMs Health Fit J. 2018;22(2):23-29. doi:10.1249/FIT.0000000000000375

Melin A, Tornberg AB, Skouby S, et al. Energy availability and the female athlete triad in elite endurance athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015;25(5):610-22.

Mountjoy M, Ackerman KE, Bailey DM, et al2023 International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs)British Journal of Sports Medicine 2023;57:1073-1098. ​​https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/57/17/1073 

Nick Allen, Shane Kelly, Martin Lanfear, Andy Reynolds, Richard Clark, Margo Lynn Mountjoy, Matthew Wyon, Roger Wolman - Relative energy deficiency in dance (RED-D): a consensus method approach to REDs in dance: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2024;10:e001858. https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/10/1/e001858 

Nussey S, Whitehead S. Endocrinology: An Integrated Approach. Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers; 2001. Chapter 3, The thyroid gland. Available from: https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK28

Pensgaard AM, Sundgot-Borgen J, Edwards C, Jacobsen AU, Mountjoy M. Intersection of mental health issues and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on REDs. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(17):1127-1135. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-106867 

Roberts RE, Farahani L, Webber L, Jayasena C. Current understanding of hypothalamic amenorrhoea. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2020;11:2042018820945854. Published 2020 Jul 30. doi:10.1177/2042018820945854

Robin Halioua, Paulina Wasserfurth, Désirée Toepffer, Malte Christian Claussen, Karsten Koehler - Exploring the relationship between low energy availability, depression and eating disorders in female athletes: a cross-sectional study: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2024;10:e002035. https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/10/3/e002035

Rodgers RF, Franko DL, Donovan E, et al. Body image in emerging adults: The protective role of self-compassion. Body Image. 2017;22:148-155. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.07.003

Rothschild JA, Kilding AE, Plews DJ. What Should I Eat before Exercise? Pre-Exercise Nutrition and the Response to Endurance Exercise: Current Prospective and Future Directions. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3473. Published 2020 Nov 12. doi:10.3390/nu12113473

Saadedine M, Kapoor E, Shufelt C. Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: Recognition and Management of a Challenging Diagnosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2023;98(9):1376-1385. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.05.027

Sabourin J, Berglind D, Sabourin JS, Berglind D. Evaluating lower limits of body fat percentage in athletes using DXA. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2025;xx(x):xx–xx. doi:10.1016/S1094-695X(25)00004‑6

Schorb A, Niebauer J, Aichhorn W, Schiepek G, Scherr J, Claussen MC. Overtraining from a sports psychiatry perspective. Dtsch Z Sportmed. 2021;72(6):271–279. doi:10.5960/dzsm.2021.496

Shufelt CL, Saadedine M, Cook-Wiens G, et al. Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea and Preclinical Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;109(1):e51-e57. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad498 

Sianoja M, Kinnunen U, de Bloom J, Korpela K, Geurts S. Recovery during lunch breaks: testing long‑term relations with energy levels at work. Scand J Work Organ Psychol. 2016;1(1):7. doi:10.16993/sjwop.13

St-Pierre DH, Richard D. The effect of exercise on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In: A. C. Hackney, N. W. Constantini (eds.), Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport, Contemporary Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33376-8_3. Springer, 2020.

Toresdahl BG, McElheny K, Metzl J, Ammerman B, Chang B, Kinderknecht J. A Randomized Study of a Strength Training Program to Prevent Injuries in Runners of the New York City Marathon. Sports Health. 2020;12(1):74-79. doi:10.1177/1941738119877180

Tranoulis A, Georgiou D, Soldatou A, Triantafyllidi V, Loutradis D, Michala L. Poor sleep and high anxiety levels in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea: A wake-up call for physicians?. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. 2019;3:100035. Published 2019 May 1. doi:10.1016/j.eurox.2019.10003

Trumbo P, Schlicker S, Yates AA, Poos M; Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, The National Academies. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids [published correction appears in J Am Diet Assoc. 2003 May;103(5):563]. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102(11):1621-1630. doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90346-9

Veldhuis JD, Yoshida K. Impact of chronic training on pituitary hormone secretion in humans. In: A. C. Hackney, N. W. Constantini (eds.), Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport, Contemporary Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33376-8_3. Springer, 2020.

Viru AM, Hackney AC, Välja E, Karelson K, Janson T, Viru M. Influence of prolonged continuous exercise on hormone responses to subsequent exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001 Oct;85(6):578-85. 

Viru A, Viru M. Cortisol–essential adaptation hormone in exercise. Int J Sports Med. 2004 Aug;25(6):461-4.

Wasserfurth P, Palmowski J, Hahn A, Krüger K. Reasons for and Consequences of Low Energy Availability in Female and Male Athletes: Social Environment, Adaptations, and Prevention. Sports Med Open. 2020;6(1):44. Published 2020 Sep 10. doi:10.1186/s40798-020-00275-6 

Wickramaratne PJ, Yangchen T, Lepow L, et al. Social connectedness as a determinant of mental health: A scoping review [published correction appears in PLoS One. 2024 Nov 15;19(11):e0314220. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314220.]. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0275004. Published 2022 Oct 13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275004

Zaccagni L, Gualdi-Russo E. The Impact of Sports Involvement on Body Image Perception and Ideals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(6):5228. Published 2023 Mar 22. doi:10.3390/ijerph20065228